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| My favorite pavilion at the Venice Biennale, the Nordic Pavilion by Sverre Fehn (1959). Photo ©Darren Bradley |
As you probably know if you follow my Instagram account, I just attended the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale. I was invited this year to exhibit some of my work, as part of the TIME SPACE EXISTENCE show at the Palazzo Bembo, which was a great excuse to finally get to see what is essentially the largest self-love event for architects in the world.
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Carlo Scarpa's sculpture garden off the main pavilion at the Venice Biennale is a nice little surprise and a quiet corner to catch your breath from all the chaos of the show.
Photo ©Darren Bradley |
As the name indicates, the Biennale is an event that occurs every two years - usually going from the end of May through November. There's actually a Biennale every year, but the odd years are for art, and the even years are for architecture. If you've never heard of this thing before, it's essentially a sort of World's Fair for architecture. The event takes over the city, and events and exhibitions are held all over Venice. But most of the exhibits are concentrated in a few areas - the Giardini, the Arsenale, and, for the TIME SPACE EXISTENCE shows, at the Palazzi Bembo and Mora.
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| The Palazzo Bembo on the Grand Canal, adjacent the Rialto Bridge, is the site of my little exhibit through November. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
The original setting for the Biennale is the park-like site called "Giardini", located near the fishtail end of Venice (Venice resembles a giant fish when seen from above - really... take a look). The Giardini has pavilions designed, built, and managed by various countries. During the Biennale, these countries send delegations (art or architecture, depending on the year) to represent what their country has to offer on the subject.
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| The Finnish Pavilion is curious in that Finland is also represented by the adjacent Nordic Pavilion. Originally designed as a temporary structure, this building was designed by Alvar Aalto in 1955. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| This year, the Finnish Pavilion looks at the future of public libraries. It is curated by ArchInfo Finland. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
Like World's Fairs, the Biennale is a sort of throwback to the 19th and 20th century notion of state-sponsored artistic and cultural patronage that is still alive and well in most of the rest of the world, but which the United States has largely abandoned and forgotten.
The first pavilions were built in 1907, and the practice continued throughout the 20th century with even a few more recent ones (such as Australia). There are a few great examples of mid-century modern architecture, by iconic architects such as Alvar Aalto, Carlo Scarpa, and Gerrit Rietveld. There are currently 29 pavilions in the Giardini.
While the exteriors more or less stay the same from year to year, the interiors completely change depending on that year's exhibit. And as the Biennale has grown over the years, it has spilled out into the rest of the city, using the exhibition space at the Arsenale, as well as various other hotels, galleries, etc. throughout Venice.
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| One of my favorite pavilions has always been the Venezuela Pavilion, designed by Carlo Scarpa (1954). Another photo of this building that I took many years ago appeared in a book by Peter Allison called "David Adjaye: A House for an Art Collector" (Rizzoli, 2011). Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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Best not to look inside the Venezuela Pavilion, though, as its depressed state appears to reflect the current state of affairs in that country, unfortunately.
Photo ©Darren Bradley |
I had been to Venice before, and even walked around the Biennale pavilions in the Giardini. but it was not during the show and the pavilions were abandoned and desolate. It had always been a dream to see the architecture Biennale one day. I never imagined I'd actually be exhibiting there.
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| Abandoned Swiss Pavilion during the off-season during my previous visit in 2009. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Me, visiting the Finnish Pavilion in April 2009. |
For an architecture fanatic like myself, the idea of a sort of World's Fair of architecture seemed almost too good to be true. The World's Fairs themselves are already a sort of Disneyland of design and architecture, which is why I love to attend them.
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| The stunning Polish Pavilion at EXPO2015 in Milan, designed by 2pm Architekci. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
I really don't care about what's on display inside the pavilions at these things most of the time - I go for the architecture of the pavilions, themselves.
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| Exhibit on ham inside the Italian Industry and Produce Pavilion. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
But for the Venice Biennale, the exhibits themselves would also be about architecture! What could be better than that! I was so excited at the idea, I could hardly wait.
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| The Austrian Pavilion, by Josef Hoffman and Robert Kramreiter (1934). Photo ©Darren Bradley |
Alas, it turns out that in most cases, the Biennale is no different than the World's Fairs in that regard. With just a few exceptions, I found that the architecture of the pavilions themselves was far more interesting than what was inside. Let me explain...
As you may already know, I kinda have a thing for architecture. But I'm not an architect. And to be perfectly honest, I am not terribly interested in the philosophy, science or engineering behind it. What I love about architecture is how it makes me feel when I see and experience it. It's a visceral reaction - not an intellectual one. Unfortunately, most of the delegations at the Biennale opted for an intellectual approach. Instead of filling the pavilions with models and mock-ups and sensory experiences, they covered the interior walls with texts. Texts explaining their scientific approach to solving a problem. Texts explaining their manifestos to meeting the world's social, political, economic, or ecological ills. Texts, texts, and more texts. Often, when there WERE models or mock-ups, they were incomprehensible without complicated explanations and accompanying treatises.
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| Brazil's pavilion was curated by the architects Gabriel Kozlowski, Laura González Fierro, Marcelo Maia Rosa and Sol Camacho. The group, selected by the Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, will present Muros de ar [Walls of Air], an exhibition that explores the interaction of material and immaterial spaces in Brazil and its architecture. I enjoyed the models here and explanations, but the walls were filled with text that was just too dense to get through. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
In some cases, there were absolutely nothing in the pavilion EXCEPT for texts covering the walls from floor to ceiling. Spain, for example, used neon artwork at the entry to entice people in. But visitors quickly realized they were hornswoggled once they entered to find empty room after empty room, filled with walls of text.
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| Spain's pavilion is curated by Atxu Amann. I understand that most of the budget was spent restoring the building itself, which explains why there was nothing much in it, despite the promise from the neon art installation. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Interior view of the Spanish Pavilion, which is wallpapered with 149 architecture proposals and not much else. Photo by ©Italo Rondinella, since I forgot to take one while there. |
Germany was a bit more creative in their use of infinity mirrors, and how they displayed their texts. But ultimately, it was still mostly just lots of texts.
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| More architecture proposals in the German Pavilion, albeit more creatively presented... The theme here was "Unbuilding Walls" and is curated by GRAFT and Marianne Birthler. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| To infinity and beyond at the German Pavilion. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
It's clear that architecture school has conditioned everyone because they all resorted to that same format to communicate their ideas - the giant posterboard printed with a few color computer renderings and an accompanying explanation of the program and how they've resolved it with their design. It's curious and disappointing to me that such a creative group of people would resort to such conventional and uncreative means of conveying their ideas in so many cases. I have seen more creative exhibits at industrial machine trade shows.
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| Various objects and artifacts that helped to define the spaces featured in the French Pavilion. This pavilion is being curated by Encore Heureux, founded in 2001 by Julien Choppin and Nicola Delon, and joined by Sébastien Eymard. Their theme of “Lieux Infinis. Construire des Bâtiments ou des lieu?” (Infinite Spaces. Constructing buildings or places) presents ten experimental case studies of social and cultural regeneration of ten disused sites in France. I appreciated it because t's a similar theme to my own exhibit. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| They had some nice models in the French exhibit. This is an apartment block from the 60s that is being reinvented and reused. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
I quickly surmised that I must not be the target audience for the Venice Architecture Biennale. This event was obviously directed at other architects, and not really the general public, or even fanboys like me... But to my surprise, in my conversations with the architects I knew there, they all pretty much had the same impression as me.
Apparently, this shift was deliberate. As it has been explained...
"The Biennale has transformed in recent years, moving away from exhibitions representing individual buildings or architects’ bodies of work, towards an engagement with the social, political, environmental and economic forces shaping cities across the world. This can be seen as a generational shift, away from ’starchitects’ and towards a politically engaged, technologically literate and collaborative architectural culture." (ArchDaily, in an article dated 16 March 2018 about the Biennale).
So what happened? Hard for me to say, and people far more qualified than I should opine before I do. But I suspect perhaps it's a question of design by committee. Most of these pavilions were designed by a large group of people, brought together for political or other reasons - not of their own initiative. Often, this design by committee leads to a diluted approach to achieve consensus. Also, it appears that in many cases, the political or social message seems not only to drive the theme, but overshadows the design itself. Anyway, that's just my two cents. I look forward to seeing the pendulum swing in the other direction a bit more, because one shouldn't have to be at the expense of the other.
Of course, there were some great exceptions to this rule this year, too. Some of the pavilions did opt for a more interesting and experiential exhibit.
Poland, for example, created a pond and a rain shower in their pavilion, with beautifully designed wood models floating in the pool to show how architecture could not just be inspired by nature, but could amplify it.
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| The Polish Pavilion is called "Ampllifying Nature", and is curated by Anna Ptak, and was designed by CENTRALA (Małgorzata Kuciewicz, Simone De Iacobis) in collaboration with Jacek Damięcki and Iza Tarasewicz. The project uses iconic post-war Modernist architecture in Poland to demonstrate how architecture can enhance, or amplify, nature . Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Polish Pavilion, with beautifully designed wood models floating in a pool. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
Belgium's pavilion was also fascinating - a bit like a James Turrell installation with a minimalist interior that was all about experiencing color, light, and geometry in their space.
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| Entrance portal to the Belgium Pavilion. This year's project, called "Eurotopia", is projectis being undertaken by four young architecture graduates active in Wallonia and Brussels, Roxane Le Grelle, Léone Drapeaud, Manuel León Fanjul and Johnny Leya, who are members of a multi-discipline team with Sébastien Lacomblez (artist, scenographer), Philippe Braquenier (photographer), Bruce Bégout (author) and Nicolas Dehove (logistician). Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| "Eurotopia", the Belgian Pavilion, which reminded me of a sort of James Turrell installation. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
But Switzerland's exhibit took the prize (literally - it won the Golden Lion for best pavilion this year). Their exhibit showcased what, at first glance, appeared to be the empty interior of a bland, modern house interior without furniture. But each of the spaces was either shrunk or enlarged to play with perspective, space, and dimensions. Walking through the house, it felt like being in Alice in Wonderland. Even the door handles and light switches were enlarged or shrunk accordingly. It was fun and exactly the sort of experience I was craving.
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| Swiss Pavilion exterior courtyard. Photo @Darren Bradley |
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| The "kitchen" of the Swiss Pavilion model home... Notice it's a bit out of scale! Photo ©Darren Bradley |
The Aussies also opted for an experience. They created a grassy meadow in their pavilion to emphasize the relationship of architecture to nature (similar to Poland), with the underlying theme of repairing endangered grasslands.
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| Interior of the Australia Pavilion. Creative Directors Mauro Baracco and Louise Wright of Baracco+Wright Architects, in collaboration with artist Linda Tegg, have curated a multi-sensory living installation for the Pavilion, designed to disrupt the viewing conditions through which architecture is usually understood. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
I didn't go in the British Pavilion, but did go up on the rooftop terrace they built atop their pavilion...
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Rooftop terrace at Island, the Great Britain Pavilion. The view was nice, but there's not a lot of reason to spend time up there. Visits were limited to ten minutes, anyway.
Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| The view from the rooftop terrace. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
Besides a few standout pavilions, the best experience at the Biennale turned out to be in the main pavilion, where there were many models and mock-ups to walk through, at various scales, included 1:1.
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| Some of the models and mock-ups at the Biennale main pavilion. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Venice Biennale Main Pavilion full scale mock up of interesting brick work. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
The mezzanine showcased the work of Swiss architect Peter Zumthor, and included some of the most beautiful models I've ever seen.
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Peter Zumthor model. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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My own exhibit, entitled "Yesterday's Vision of Tomorrow", is currently at the Palazzo Bembo on the Grand Canal, through November. It's a small exhibit located in a large building full of many other artists and architects, in a rabbit warren of rooms. As the title suggests, it's about Modernist architecture that has faded from interest and even relevancy. It's intended to provoke thought about what makes architecture relevant or obsolete, as so many of these buildings featured were once considered innovative and are now threatened with demolition.
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| My little exhibit, "Yesterday's Vision of Tomorrow", is at the Palazzo Mora through November. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
Overall, I had a fantastic experience at the Biennale, nonetheless. It's just a bit disappointing that so many of the participants didn't come up with more creative ways to use the spotlight of this unique event, to create more of an experience... Would I return? Ummm, maybe. But only for a specific reason, depending on what was being shown. And in any case, I'd adjust my expectations.
Oh, I should probably also share a few photos of the I great apartment I had in Venice. It was designed by Carlo Scarpa's protégés in the 1960s, and included lots of the same features found in the Olivetti showroom...
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| My apartment in Venice, designed by several students of Carlo Scarpa in the early 1960s. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Living area of my apartment in Venice, designed by several students of Carlo Scarpa in the early 1960s. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| Corridor leading to the kitchen in my apartment in Venice, designed by several students of Carlo Scarpa in the early 1960s. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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| My apartment in Venice, designed by several students of Carlo Scarpa in the early 1960s. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
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I also got a chance to catch up with a lot of great friends, and also to meet many new ones. Special thanks to my friend Tim Ross and the Australian delegation, who welcomed me as one of their own. I spent a lot of my time there hanging out with that great crew. Also a huge thanks to journalist Kasia Olechowska and the team at the Polish pavilion for their warm hospitality. And finally, huge thanks also to author, architect, and historian Pierluigi Serraino for a wonderful dinner and some great conversation!
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| I'll close the same way I opened this post - with a view of the beautiful Nordic Pavilion by Sverre Fehn. This year, the exhibit was curated by Finnish architect Lundén Architecture Company, and also addressed the relationship of architecture to nature. Photo ©Darren Bradley |
Thank you also to the GAA Foundation and the European Cultural Centre for all of your help in putting together my exhibit at Palazzo Mora, and to Sabine at Grieger for the beautiful prints. It looks great!
This is the first review I have read for the 2018 Biennale and it was not what I was expecting at all. As someone who is studying architecture my immediate thought when I looked through the internal images Darren had taken was it looked like an architecture school’s final exhibition with student’s projects on display only with a higher budget and arguably better quality of work, or at least more consistent. This method of communication amongst architects and architect students is successful but can anyone off the street understand the underlying concepts / challenges without experiencing it?
ReplyDeleteI agree with Darren that people do not want to go to the Biennale only to read large sections of text and plans posted on the walls. I think a major problem architects have is that the general public does not understand the way in which their work is presented. This is evident in the image taken by Darren of Carlo Scarpa’s Sculpture Garden. There is no way even architects would grasp the spatial qualities of this space through text and plans. This notion of communication is rather ironic as architecture is for the general public more often than not. Regardless if you are interested in architecture at an intellectual level or not, people need to be able to understand it spatially and if not, people should be able to recognize how they feel in that space for example, you may not understand why the hallway has a lowered ceiling, but you do know that you want to move through this space and not resonate. It seems odd the Biennale (and once again, a little bit ironic) has chosen a method of display of architectural ideas that people struggle to understand spatially, in a sense of scale or even a feeling.
Where I disagree with Darren and maybe the ideals of modernism; I do think that architecture is right moving away from ‘starchitects’ and focusing on social and political change however, without the ‘wow’ factor from starchitects work architects need to push a lot harder for not only people to understand it but to sell it.
Hmmm....interesting review, Darren. They same situation you describe here has been a conundrum in the art world for a while now. The emphasis has moved so far into the "hyper-message" realm, it has almost exclusively become an intellectual exercise with very little to truly enjoy on a visceral level.
ReplyDeleteIn regards to your observations on the relevance of Mid-Century Modern architecture (and the demise of its most gorgeous examples), every design movement eventually integrates into the collective whole as the world moves forward. That being said, it is fun to look back and enjoy/appreciate all the separate components from the past :)
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Interesting review. I think you are very honest on writing your thoughts and I appreciate that. This is something that students should take into study. I lik how you present the ideas and thoughts. Philippine Architects will definitely learn from you. Highly recommended.
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